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Sabine Hossenfelder: Backreaction

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Can we understand the universe? Read my blog to find out what we know, may one day know, and will probably never know.

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This Startup Promises Energy From Nothing—Here's What's Wrong
TechnologyVideo
The company Casimir Inc promises "unlimited power" from the vacuum by using the Casimir effect. Here is why you shouldn't believe what they say.
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These new nuclear reactors solve the safety problem
TechnologyVideo
Generating electricity via nuclear fission is a great idea, at least in principle. But the risk of nuclear meltdowns causing mass destruction and long-lasting contamination isn’t appealing. Luckily, a crop of companies are looking to solve this problem by creating subcritical nuclear reactors, which generate power without ever making runaway nuclear reactions possible. Let’s take a look.
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AI Will Hit a Wall in 2026, if nothing changes.
TechnologyVideo
Current AI technology seems to be making decent progress despite concerns about it slowing over time. But while AI is slowly becoming more “intelligent”, the industry is running into another problem: energy supply. Let’s take a look at why energy is quickly becoming a major problem for progress in AI.
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Einstein's Theory Has a Problem -- This Idea Solves It
Quantum Gravity
Physicists have been trying to reconcile the differences between Einstein’s theory of spacetime and our observations of quantum mechanics for almost a century. One way that they’ve attempted to do this involves theories that treat space as one-dimensional at very short distances. In a recent paper, physicists claim that they’ve solved a major problem that’s plagued these theories for decades.
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Quantum physics is an unnecessary complication, researchers say
Quantum foundationsVideo
To this day, researchers don’t fully understand quantum physics. But in a new paper, physicists from MIT say that that’s okay – because the phenomena we use quantum physics to explain can actually be understood using classical physics. Really? Let’s take a look.
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New Theory Explains How Time Began
AstrophysicsCosmologyVideo
The biggest open problem in the foundations of physics is that Einstein’s theory of gravity, General Relativity, does not cooperate with quantum mechanics. Physicists have tried to solve this issue by coming up with a theory of quantum gravity, but those theories fall apart when you need them most – inside of black holes and at the Big Bang. Recently, though, physicists published a new
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Bacteria could survive trip on asteroid, scientists find
AstrophysicsBiologyVideo
That life might have come to earth traveling through outer space used to be a fringe theory called ‘panspermia’. But in the past decade or so, we have seen an interesting shift in how scientists regard the idea. Let’s take at one new study that might support ‘panspermia,’ as well as other facts that support the theory.
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The Fermi Paradox Just Got Worse
AstrophysicsVideo
The Fermi Paradox is the question of why we haven’t been contacted by any extraterrestrial species. In a recent paper, astrophysicists analyzed the paradox by instead examining how civilizations with the ability to send signals through space might develop. Unfortunately for us, their findings are quite bleak – but let’s take a look anyway.
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A New Anomaly in Particle Physics!
Particle PhysicsVideo
Recently, physicists at CERN announced that they’d re-discovered an anomaly in the way that certain particles (called B mesons) decay. The anomaly has been noted in multiple other analyses over the years, though most recently it had disappeared. It could indicate that there are particles that we still have yet to discover, or that we need to revise the standard model of physics. Or it could mean
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Human Evolution Can't Keep Up With Modern Life, Scientists Say
BiologyScienceVideo
Natural selection allows animals – including humans – to slowly adapt to their environments over tens of thousands of years. Unfortunately for us humans, we’re quickly changing our environments and lifestyles, building sprawling cities and working at desks for 10 hours a day. According to a new paper, we now have good evidence that humans are no longer fit to live in the world we’ve created.
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The Truth About China’s Green Energy Industry
Science PolicyVideo
Over the past few years, China has invested heavily in its renewable energy sector. In 2025, the country built enough energy capacity to power Germany twice over, with the vast majority of that capacity coming from solar and wind power. But while it’s invested in green energy, Beijing has also continued building coal and nuclear power plants – this dichotomy has led to some people hailing China
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Scientists Prove That Virtual Particles Are Actually Real
Particle PhysicsVideo
Virtual particles, depending on who you ask, are either a yet-unsolved quirk of the mathematics that we use to calculate physics, or a type of real particle that’s constantly popping into existence before quickly disappearing. In a recent paper, physicists claim that they’ve done an experiment that proves that virtual particles are, indeed, real things. Let’s take a look.
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Mathematician Collapses All Functions to One Weird Formula
mathematicsVideo
Mathematical functions are built from operations, which are used to perform the calculations that make science and technology run. But what if we could do away with multiplication, addition, subtraction, and division? That’s what one mathematician has done in a new paper – he claims that everything in mathematics can be done with just one operation, which he’s calling “eml”. Let’s take a look.
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This Calculation Could Change The Periodic Table
PhysicsVideo
If it’s been a while since you’ve taken a chemistry class, you’re lucky – over time, the periodic table has been expanding as physicists produce brand-new atomic nuclei. But the thing about these nuclei is they’re extremely short-lived, sticking around for less than a nanosecond. Recently, though, physicists say they’ve figured out a calculation that should help researchers create new nuclei that
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This Quantum Tech was likely used to find missing soldier in Iran
Science and SocietyTechnologyVideo
According to the New York Post, the U.S. used a “long-range quantum magnetometer” that can “find the electromagnetic fingerprint of a human heartbeat” in its Easter weekend operation to rescue an F-15 weapons systems officer. But does the U.S. actually have the crazy quantum surveillance capabilities that the Post claims it does? Let's find out.
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The Dark Matter Mystery Just Took a Weird Turn
AstrophysicsVideo
MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) is a theory of gravity that explains the physical phenomena we observe in galaxies with surprising accuracy, but it falls apart when it’s applied to galaxy clusters. The widely accepted dark matter theory, meanwhile, can apply to both. But according to new research by astrophysicists, observational data shows that our universe is full of more dead stars than we
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Quantum Computers Just Got Much More Dangerous
TechnologyVideo
Progress in quantum computing as an industry has been relatively stagnant for a while now. But over the past few weeks, that’s changed. Multiple groups focused on quantum cryptography (using quantum computers to break previously-unbreakable encryption protocols) published breakthrough papers in their field, raising concerns that quantum computers could break the crypto industry sooner than we
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String theory hasn't failed, it's worse.
PhysicsVideo
String theory has changed the foundations of physics profoundly, and I for one am worried about its legacy.
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We Can Now Simulate a Human Brain, Scientists Show
TechnologyVideo
Over the years, computer scientists have used cutting-edge processors to simulate the brains of increasingly more complex animals. They’ve already simulated worm and fruit fly brains, and are now working on mice. But according to a new paper, they’ve made a breakthrough that might allow them to simulate human brains, which contain 80 billion neurons compared to a fruit fly’s 140,000. Let’s take
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Crazy: Riemann Hypothesis Linked to Black Holes, Physicists Find
mathematicsPhysicsVideo
The Riemann Hypothesis is an open problem in maths which – if proved correct – would show us a pattern in prime numbers. The zeta function, a central part of the hypothesis, has been linked to quantum mechanics, and recently a group of physicists linked it to gravitational equations associated with black holes. What does this mean, exactly? Let’s take a look.
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More Evidence for UAPs! Scientists Afraid to Speak Out
AstrophysicsScience and SocietyVideo
UFOs are now known as UAPs, which stands for “unidentified anomalous phenomena.” These phenomena are increasingly popping up in headlines as technology advances, but for some reason scientists are still reluctant to research them. Let’s take a look at some recent UAP sightings and why we need to invest more into UAP research.
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Evidence for Life In Other Solar Systems? No but yes.
AstrophysicsVideo
The search for life on another planet is one of the most exciting things in astrophysics. As humanity has searched the universe for signs of life, we’ve found a surprising number of clues suggesting that alien life might exist on multiple other planets. Let’s take a look at how this search is developing and what “signs of life” really are.
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Real Progress in Wireless Energy Transfer
TechnologyVideo
Recently, Finnish researchers made waves by announcing progress in the field of wireless energy transfer using a combination of sound waves, laser systems, and electromagnetic radiation. While they haven’t miraculously figured out how to beam energy long distances with perfect efficiency, their research – and other projects in the same field – have made some significant progress in wirelessly
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Core Law of Physics is Circular, Physicists Say
PhysicsVideo
The Boltzmann brain hypothesis states that, between the Big Bang occurring and a fully-formed brain suddenly popping into existence in space, the brain spontaneously appearing is more probable. In a recent paper, a group of physicists have compared the second law of thermodynamics and the Boltzmann brain hypothesis – after analyzing both, they concluded that both are equally legitimate theories
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• AI Is About to Break Science… Then Save It
TechnologyVideo
The current status of academic publishing is miserable, and many people believe that the rise of AI will only make that worse. While they might be right in the short term, I think that in the long run, AI will help science. Let’s take a look.
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