It’s well-established that the web has issues: From user-hostile UI patterns and twisted search results to sluggish performance and battery-draining bloat. Much of that is caused by questionable technology choices, not least in the realm of client-side JavaScript. In the interest of furthering our collective understanding of this self-inflicted quagmire, let’s examine one small-but-significant part where developers take the reins: Painting pixels on the screen.